Society: (1:06 PM)

• Generate awareness or sensitization of officials regarding nuances/discourse of Indian Society. 
• To provide effective solutions to the problems of society. 
• Good governance.
• Approach to Indian society:

Terminologies: (1:24 PM)

• Isolation:
• It is often used in the context of tribals.
• It was introduced by Verrier Elwin.
• According to this policy, tribals must be kept separated to conserve and preserve their culture.

Assimilation: (1:26 PM)

• The policy was suggested by GS Ghurye who considered tribals as backward Hindus.
• Assimilation is defined as a process by which individuals of different cultural groups are absorbed in the dominant culture of the society. 
• For example: the Hindu Code Bill.
• Here the focus is on reducing the differences to ensure social cohesion. 

Integration: 

• It was introduced by the then leadership, and it meant, ‘Tribals should progress but in their own way.’
• And to give effect, to the Panchsheel Policy of Tribals, tribals should develop their own genius.
• Tribal rights in forests and land should be respected.
• No over-administration.
• Tribal assistance should be sought in managing polity and economy. 
• Evaluation of development should not be on the basis of money spent but on the outcome of human development.
• Integration is defined as a process of incorporation of different cultures into mainstream society to the extent that individual cultures are redeemed.

Decoding the Syllabus: (1:40 PM)

• Salient features of Indian Society.
• Role of women.
• Effects of Globalisation.
• Social empowerment. 

Salient features of a society: 

• Caste system.
• Diversity: linguistic (linguistic chauvinism), religion (communalism, fundamentalism)
• Ethnic diversity,
• Racial and regional diversities.
• Racial intoleranc, regionalism.
• Ethno-nationalism. 
• (Due to the heterogeneous nature of Indian society, there exist different manifestations of patriarchy). 
• And it makes it a salient feature. 

Multiculturalism: (1:51 PM)

• It is referred to as the peaceful coexistence of diverse cultures. 
• People have the tendency to celebrate, retain, and transmit their culture from one generation to another. 
• There are two schools of thought: 
• 1) Melting Pot.
• 2) Salad Bowl.

Melting Pot: 

• People of different cultures melt together, deserting their cultures.

Salad Bowl: 

• It describes a heterogeneous society where different cultures are brought together as ingredients of the salad, where individual flavor is retained.
• Often multiculturalism and pluralism are used synonymously, however, there is a key difference. 
• There exists a dominant culture in pluralistic societies. 

Pluralism: (1:59 PM)

• Under this, the smaller groups retain their unique culture and identity. 
• The dominant culture also accepts their values and practices as long as it is consistent with their ideology.

Cultural Lag: (2:02 PM) 

• The difference between the pace at which values, and norms of the society change, vis-a-vis the technological advancements, is referred to as Cultural Lag.
• Example: 
• There is an advancement of technology to determine the health of the foetus, versus the misuse of technology for sex-selective abortion. 
• There is technological advancement, w.r.t. waste management and recycling, versus, the government still struggling to change behavior under the Swachh Bharat Mission.
• Passage of law vs. internalization of law. 
• Coexistence of tradition and modernity, for example, nuclear families with extended ties. 
• Concept of  E Darshan (E Aarti). 
• Hybrid Learning. 

Effect of Globalization on Indian Society: (2:11 AM) 

Effects of Globalisation on Indian Society:
Structure	Culture
Institution:  Joint family, Caste system, Religion,  Marriage, Media, Education.	Homogenization.  Hybridisation. Revival of local culture.

Social Empowerment: (2:18 PM)

• It refers to the ability of an individual to have autonomy in decision-making and confidence to bring changes in the structure that has kept us marginalized over a period of time. 
• Political and economic empowerment is meaningless without social empowerment. 
• For example: 
• When working women do not have the autonomy, to spend what they are earning. 
• Or the concept of Sarpanch Pati. 
• Or caste-based prejudices in educational institutions and workplaces. 
• Hence, the topic of social empowerment is a concluding remark in most of the questions. 

Questions: 

• Discuss the negative consequences of abolishing child labor.  (10 marks/ 150 words)
• Why do most of the prosperous regions of India have an adverse Sex Ratio? (10 marks/ 150 words)
• Why is the sex ratio among scheduled tribes more favorable for women as compared to scheduled caste? (10 marks / 150 words)
• Explain the paradox that on one hand, the sex ratio has improved, whereas, the sex ratio at birth is still a matter of concern. (10 marks / 150 words). 

Society: (2:53 PM)

• Concept of society. 
• Attributes of society: 
• Definite territory,
• Progeny, 
• Common culture, 
• Independence. 
• Impact of British Rule on Indian society.
• Salient features of Indian society: 
• Joint Family,
• Caste System,
• Patriarchy,
• Diversity. 
• Society: Society is defined as a network of social relationships based on patterns of interaction between individual members.
• Based on the four attributes we can say, that Indian society is a collection of multiple societies.

Impact of British Rule on Indian Society: (3:02 PM)

Tradition:	Forces of change:		Modern:
Ascriptive status. Hierarchy. Strong Religious orientation. Collectivism. Particularism.	New Social Change:  English language, Secular education, Printing technology, Transport and communication. Dissemination of ideas	New Social Order:  Industrialization. Urbanization. New indications of social status. The emergence of a new elite class.	Achievement status. Egalitarianism. Rationality. Individualism. Universalism.

Ascribed Status: (3:14 PM)

• When status is ascribed to an individual by birth. For example, gender, caste, religion, etc. it is referred to as ascriptive status or ritual status. 
• The status that has been achieved through social, political, and economic means, it is referred to as achievement status or secular status.

Hierarchy: 

• The arrangement of individuals in layers, one above the other, is referred as a hierarchy. 
• Whereas egalitarianism is based on the belief that everyone is equal and deserves the same kind of opportunities. 

Strong Religious Orientation: 

• When religion is not just a matter of faith, but also a way of life.
• Whereas rationality is driven by logic, scientific temper, etc. 

Particularism: 

• When some people are more important than others. 
• That is, relationship obligation is given primacy over law. 
• It is characterized by the same ‘You show me the man, I show you the rule.’.

Universalism: 

• Whereas in universalism, everyone is treated equally and rules are applied irrespective of the relationships. 

Topic for the next class: Westernisation and Modernisation.